Which statement correctly lists the main presentations of leishmaniasis?

• A. Visceral, Cutaneous, Mucocutaneous
• B. Visceral, Ocular, Pulmonary
• C. Cutaneous, Renal, Neurological
• D. Mucocutaneous, Ocular, Hepatic

Answer: (A)

Leishmaniasis is classically grouped into three clinical forms: visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous. Visceral disease affects internal organs such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, leading to fever, weight loss, and organ enlargement. Cutaneous disease causes skin ulcers at the site of the sandfly bite, often leaving scars. Mucocutaneous disease involves mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and throat and can cause destructive lesions. These three forms together represent the main spectrum of leishmaniasis, making the combination of visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous the best listing. Other manifestations like ocular, pulmonary, renal, neurological, or hepatic involvement can occur in some contexts but are not the primary trio used to categorize the disease.